Grid Computing

Grid Computing
The term Grid Computing collectively defines a set of distributed computing use cases that have certain technical aspects in common. There are two main use case in distributed computing that are most often referred to as Grid Computing namely Computational Grid and Data Grid.
Computational Grid
If you have a task that is executing unacceptably long time you can split the tasks into multiple sub-tasks executes each sub-tasks in parallel on a separate computer combine results from the sub-tasks and get the original tasks resulting time factor of O(N) (read it as "big-oh" of "N") times faster, where 'N' is a number of sub-tasks in the split.
Data Grid
Data grids allows for splitting data storing onto multiple computer. Much like computational grids splitting processing. Data Grids allow placing data onto multiple computers or storage resources and treat them virtually like one.